Really interesting. I just read the Bank of England’s companion article: Money in the modern economy, an introduction https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/quarterly-bulletin/2014/q1/money-in-the-modern-economy-an-introduction

I didn’t consider that you could still classify banking as fractional reserve banking even though there are no fractional reserve banking requirements. In my mind the concept was one of regulatory oversight.

Do you think that when a bank loans money to another bank they are creating money out of thin air? If they can do that then why do they need to borrow money?

I think you’re doing a good job interpreting and explaining modern monetary theory, I just don’t agree with all of it, although I agree with the concept.

Do you believe that the US government must collect taxes before it can spend money? Or do you agree that government spending is self financed and money creation (in spending by the US government) is only limited by concerns of inflation?

Do you believe that Banks hold digital money in their reserves? I do. Who do you think created that money?

You’re right that that article does talk about banks creating money and it’s true that banks can create money when they lend more than they have in reserves and assets. But my larger point was that IMO bank loans are credit but the bank loans are repaid with actual money. Maybe it’s semantics.

Also, you mentioned fractional reserve banking but that no longer exists. It ended around 2020 when the government changed regulations and no longer requires banks to hold any ratio of reserves to debt.

When a bank issues a loan it creates a credit in the borrower’s account. When the borrower withdraws/transfers the money from their account the money comes from the bank’s reserves. The bank’s reserves consists of deposits and other liquid assets. The money in the bank’s reserves started its life by being created by the federal government. You may argue that the bank is loaning money that it does not hold in reserves, but for lack of a better description, this is a huge liability for the bank that can create insolvency issues (bank run). For this reason, I do not agree that banks create money when they issue loans, since the bank’s reserves are not created by the bank.

Money collected from taxes is basically recorded in a ledger / account by the Treasury. Some people look at this as the end of the lifespan of that money or the destruction of that money.

Money begins its life by being spent by the federal government. They essentially create money with the press of a keystroke (granted they are spending funds which are approved by Congress and allocated for projects), the money credits a Treasury account, then they transfer it / spend it which puts the money into circulation.

The federal government does not actually NEED the money you pay in taxes to fund their spending. Money does not come from people. It is created solely by the treasury. The federal government WANTS the money from taxes to approximately match the amount they put into circulation through spending in order to prevent runaway inflation. If they spend more than they collect they are adding to the supply of money which seems to be normal for a society with a growing population and successful marketplaces, but if they spend too much you get inflation.

The federal government believes that balancing is important. They want the amount of goods and services that America exports globally to match the amount America imports. Each year there is a deficit which means that America receives more goods and services than it exports. In order to balance this, the Treasury issues bonds equaling the amount of the year’s trade deficit. We don’t have to do this but we choose to because we believe it will create financial stability.

When the US issues bonds it collects money and gives a promise to make interest payments and to repay those bonds when they are due. Those bonds are debt. This is essentially how the government borrows money.

This is a fantastic article from the Bank of England which is like the US Treasury https://share.google/GmWpluu76vSJpuw5C

Edit: read the discussion below for more context and clarification. Banks create more money then the federal government does, I wasn’t aware.

You can get a 66% chance of being right if you turn on a switch and check the room. If the light is off you guess between the other two. For example, you are going to test switch 1 and if it is off you guess switch 2.

Reminds me of the Monty Hall problem except in that problem the game show host has an action to take which effects the odds.

I know it might seem beneficial to flood the tip line with garbage data but they don’t care about the truth and months from now they will just say that they have evidence of thousands and thousands of perpetrators and they’ll use your garbage data as their talking point

Terribly loud non-stop belching

Hmm yeah I obviously haven’t figured that out yet.

Five generations would be 10 people. If one of them was native American, their descendant would be 1/10 native American.

They should be more clear about which side of the border they are building on. Seems like they’re building on Lebanon’s side so they’ve encroached about 1 km. The article doesn’t really want to say that.

I would buy a Nas with raid and keep a copy both on your PC and on the NAS

Does she just play with the puppy sometimes or is it in her cell keeping her company all the time?

This lady deserves to suffer but inmates in this county are treated terribly. I could really get behind programs where inmates are raising and training puppies.

Are you me?

I thought they were on a pillow, not a bed, and I wondered how they were so small

You’re saying she wanted to be groped, that she orchestrated it? That’s pretty fucked up to say. Anything to allow this type of behavior, right?

You have to yell “food fight!” before you do something like that

“The victim was hospitalised with injuries including broken ribs, a punctured lung and rectal damage, according to the indictment, and Tomer-Yerushalmi launched an investigation.”

Other accounts of rape:

"The New York Times documented an allegation of rape from a senior nurse who said two soldiers lifted him up and pressed his rectum against a metal stick fixed to the ground.

A report by the UN’s Palestinian relief agency Unrwa into abuse allegations at Sde Teiman provided a similar account of a detainee forced to “sit on something like a hot metal stick”, who said another detainee died after anal rape with an “electric stick”."

The story: https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/23/whistleblowers-allege-widespread-abuses-at-israeli-detention-camp-sde-teiman

I wrote my representative and advocated for lifting the trade embargo and this is what they sent back:

As your Member of Congress, I am opposed to lifting the embargo. Cuba continues to be under control of a communist regime which suppresses any advancement toward a free and open society. In addition to not providing basic goods and services for its citizens, the Cuban government routinely restricts civil liberties and engages in significant human rights abuses. Specific information can be found by reading the State Department’s 2022 human rights report on Cuba. Cuba continues to undermine the interests of the United States, and most recently a Cuban spy was found to have infiltrated high levels of the U.S. government.

Real ID driver’s licenses seem to be a form of federal ID even though they are issued by states. It’s interesting how most people agree that lack of federal ID is a problem but they don’t want the government to track everybody. The gov is looking at Palantir to create a database of U.S. people and maybe it’s not popular because Palantir is kind of shady and right wing or maybe people just don’t want to be tracked.