Even for bread, is it all bread?
It’s most bread. There will always be a few outliers, but they’re a tiny minority.
Is it added gluten?
Gluten isn’t ‘added’ to bread, it’s a naturally occurring component of grains like wheat, rye and barley. Gluten free bread is made from alternative grains that naturally do not contain gluten (sorghum, rice, buckwheat, etc.). Gluten isn’t unhealthy unless you have Coeliac disease or a gluten sensitivity/intolerance. It won’t factor into UPF status.
Is it a specific preservative?
The ideal bread is preservative free. Mass-produced bread is almost never preservative free, because the time it takes for the bread to be baked, shipped, put on the shelf in a shop, picked up by you and taken home to eat is longer than it takes to go mouldy (particularly if it’s in a plastic bag). Hence, they add a preservative to extend the shelf life.
A bakery is less likely to use preservatives, because they bake fresh daily, based on customer demand. Homemade bread also doesn’t need preservatives for pretty much the same reason.
No need to demonise preservatives, or split hairs over “better” or “worse” ones, but worth being mindful of the amount you consume.
Is it only bread with bleached flour?
Bleached flour improves performance for baking (making lighter, fluffier loaves with more ‘bounce’ and chewiness from the gluten), but also strips out a lot of the minerals that are beneficial for your health. Mass-produced bread tends to use bleached flour, because a white and fluffy loaf is more appealling to consumers than a denser and darker one, and the lighter consistency makes it less filling, leading you to consume more of it, which means more money for them. Given the choice between bleached and unbleached flour, choose the latter if you can.
So, yes, ‘mass-produced and packaged’ does tend to correlate directly with the overall nutritional content.
Costco makes prepared food that is equivalent to what you’d make at home.
I can only speak for myself on this one, but I’ve never seen a pre-prepared meal at Costco that is the equivalent of what I’d make at home. It tends to be carb, fat and animal protein heavy, and very light on veg. My cooking is the opposite (lots of veg, some complex carbs, not too much fat or animal protein).
Just like the preservatives and bleached flour in bread, companies who mass-produce food are looking to use the cheapest ingredients with the longest shelf life to maximise their profits. Makes good business sense for them, but not good health/nutritional sense for consumers.
I grew up in an electorate that had been ‘blue-ribbon Liberal’ since the 70s, and Labor representation only a tiny blip before that. Became very apathetic about voting after seeing the LNP win by a landslide at every local, state and federal election.
I’m now in a seat that’s been either Labor or Greens since almost Federation. One seat in the House of Reps won’t change the world (or even the country, most likely), but it’s comforting to walk around my neighbourhood and know that the majority of the people I encounter are certified Non-Fuckwits. (It’s also fun on polling day to see offers of LNP and far-right parties’ how-to-vote cards declined by pretty much everyone in the queue.)