Well, in Accounting terms, once you sell your investment you have realized the gains on it (and if you’re a person or a company, are now liable to pay tax on those gains), even if you use the money from the sale to buy the same thing again.
Gains on an investment which hasn’t been sold yet are unrealized gains (in common parlance “paper gains”) and don’t really count in accounting terms until you sell that investment so you don’t have to pay tax on it.
Amongst other things billionaires use this to pay no tax when the share value of the companies they own goes up: if they need money rather than sell their share holdings they take loans using the shares as collateral, and because the shares aren’t sold any gains aren’t realized, hence no tax is due.
Well, in Accounting terms, once you sell your investment you have realized the gains on it (and if you’re a person or a company, are now liable to pay tax on those gains), even if you use the money from the sale to buy the same thing again.
Gains on an investment which hasn’t been sold yet are unrealized gains (in common parlance “paper gains”) and don’t really count in accounting terms until you sell that investment so you don’t have to pay tax on it.
Amongst other things billionaires use this to pay no tax when the share value of the companies they own goes up: if they need money rather than sell their share holdings they take loans using the shares as collateral, and because the shares aren’t sold any gains aren’t realized, hence no tax is due.