First, sorry for the long post and billion questions (and hopefully it’s ok in this community? I saw a couple multiple-question posts without one in the title but I might have misunderstood the rule)
So, my PC is running W10 with ESU, and I’m very paranoid about… most things really, but the relevant one here is malware. I don’t just randomly download stuff from the internet, but I know you can get malware even without consciously doing that, and even though I have an AV (Bitdefender Free) I’m hesitant to just stay on W10 after the free ESU ends. But there’s no way in hell I’m switching to 11.
So, besides staying on regular W10, my main options would be Linux or W10 LTSC. And I have various questions regarding these three choices.
I consider myself relatively tech savvy compared to the average person, but definitely ignorant on the matter compared to the average Lemmy user. So it’s not exactly an ELI5, but definitely an ELI15 or something.
I also have access to a different, W11 PC that I could use as “testing environment”.
Option 1: Switching to Linux
Even regardless of security updates, Microsoft is getting on my nerves and I’ve been telling myself I need to switch to Linux or at least dual-boot for a while, but there’s various things making me question it:
(For most purposes, “Linux” here refers to Mint since that’s usually the one I see recommended for beginners, but if other distros work better for certain aspects I’d appreciate to know)
1a - Is there no file system that works perfectly on both Linux and Windows? I could technically dual-boot using two different drives, but what if I need to access/move files between two drives with different file systems? Which issues would I face if, say, one is NTFS and the other is ext4? I think all of my drives are currently in NTFS, would I have to reformat everything to safely access them from Linux without worrying about data/metadata loss?
1b - I read that to open an .exe on Linux I would have to do it through WINE, and that there’s a database to check compatibility of individual programs with it, but are the worst compatibility issues just “the program doesn’t open”, or can a compatibility issue result in data loss/corruption too?
1c - I’m currently using Firefox on Windows, is it possible to copy all my settings and data (browsing history included) from the Windows version to the Linux one?
1d - Other than specific .exe without WINE compatibility, are there any relatively common file types which can’t be opened with Linux that I should be aware of? (Mostly talking about picture/video/audio/text files, compressed archives or similar).
1e - What can I mess up by testing an USB live version? Are there any things I should be careful about? I’ve heard “changes aren’t saved”, but that’s referring only to OS configuration, right? And, going back to file systems, can I even access the data that’s on my NTFS drive from a live version or would I just be working with the stuff inside the USB?
1f - I read often that “you can’t get viruses on Linux”, but that’s mostly because they’re not developed specifically for it, so you might “get” them but they won’t work, right? If I dual boot, is there the chance that I get a malware while browsing with Linux and then it infects my pc when I boot Windows (even without consciously opening unknown .exe files)?
1g - Which Pc components should I pay attention to because they/their drivers might not work on Linux? Is there a site/tool that can check if my current hardware would have any issues? (For example, I have a Nvidia graphics card and I think I read that might be a problem?)
Option 2: Windows 10 LTSC
Linux would be the ideal, but if I get too paranoid or can’t invest enough time in it to figure how it works before October, my second choice would be W10 LTSC, since from what I understood, that one has much more extended security updates. I do have my share of doubts about it too, though:
2a - I heard there’s various different versions of W10 LTSC (IoT or not, RTM, 2021, I think there’s even an Enterprise version that isn’t LTSC?), but what are the actual differences? Is one version objectively better than the others?
2b - I know LTSC is meant to be used in a “company environment”, but are there any downsides to it compared to the Home version? Does it have some hard limitations on what can I do with it? (For example, can I play every Steam game currently supported by regular W10 on it?)
2c - The main place where I’m finding LTSC information is Massgrave, is the procedure to keep files on their page safe/advised or should I backup and format just in case? And after doing that, can I activate it with a Key bought from a third-party site? (I heard their Activation Script isn’t 100% perfect, and keys are not that expensive anyway)
Option 3: Regular Windows 10
If both Linux and LTSC end up being too overwhelming to trust myself with, the only choice left would be to stay on W10 with Bitdefender, at least for my main PC. Though I’m still pretty anxious about malware:
3 - I initially thought that you could get malware only by consciously downloading files, opening mail attachments, going on uncertified sites or plugging in infected devices, but apparently there’s some types of malware that can infect your PC without you consciously doing anything? (For example, I read the WannaCry attack affected even machines that did none of the above?) Is there nothing you can do to prevent this from happening on an unsupported OS besides “not connecting it to the internet at all”? Is this just not a viable choice if I don’t want to risk losing my files or having my data stolen?
Even getting some of these answered would be great, and of course, if you think I have some misconceptions that need to be corrected I’d love if you did so, thanks in advance!
Don’t use an EoL/EoS OS, full stop.
Start up virtualbox or any virtual machine on your windows machine and test drive a few different distributions until you find one you like.
Use windows built in backup services or something like the Veeam free backup agent before blowing up your system.
I would also move my files to a cloud services, even if it’s temporary.
Install the distribution your choice.
Spin up virtual box again and restore your machine into it. You may have license activation issues but you’ll have access your data. Move your data out of the VM and onto your home folder.
Also note that win11 isn’t nearly as bad as people here say.
Linux has malware. It’s just different. Linux supports nvidia, a usb boot would help you determine how well your hardware is supported.
My plan was to, respectively, try distros from live versions and transferring files by copy-pasting everything onto a different drive and back, are there benefits in doing them the ways you suggested instead?
Ehh… I tried booting that other “test” PC that I have with W11 and I got a ton of random popups, plus I really don’t like the interface and all the stuff baked in like CoPilot and Recall. I know you can disable them in some way, but if I have to go through the hassle of doing that (plus circumventing the hardware requirements), I might as well use that time to try and understand Linux a bit.
First time I hear this, what do you mean? Other commenters said that the permission structure prevents them, are there malware who circumvent that or do you mean like phishing/baiting you into giving permissions to a trojan?
You can easily search for news on Linux malware. Most recently npm was affected.
Npm is used by a lot of software, so updating your software from valid sources could easily infect your machine.
It’s also dead simple to misconfigure something on Linux, like your firewall, leaving your machine exposed to the internet. Linux doesn’t bother you nearly as much as windows does when it comes to updating and restarting. Windows used to be that way too but had to adapt to the changing threat landscape.
With VMs you can try as many at once as your system can support, with less risk than booting up on a livecd, and the ability to switch between them without having to reboot.
Moving files manually is fine.